Framework
IDEAL writing framework
The question it answers
When writing an MBA essay or assignment, how should a student build each paragraph of analysis so it covers the concept, an example and its application to the case?
- Origin
- Ruane & Chappell, 2018
- Diagram type
- Process by phase
- Level of analysis
- Individual
- Topics
- The MBA journey

Diagram
IDEAL writing framework
- Five steps
- IdentifyPick out the concept to use.
- DefineGive a short definition with a citation.
- Explain through examplesIllustrate with a concrete example.
- ApplyApply it to the case in hand.
- Leverage knowledgeUse the knowledge to analyse, evaluate and recommend.
Sources
References
Listed A–Z by author surname, Harvard style. A source with a DOI links to https://doi.org/…; one without links to its page or says plainly that it has no DOI.
- Ruane, S.G. and Chappell, S. (2018) ‘Developing students' writing skills with the IDEAL framework’, Management Teaching Review, 3(2), pp. 107–117.doi:10.1177/2379298117715445Source page