Entry modes
5articles
November 2026
5 articles on this page
Strategy & leadership11 min readTesla, Huawei, Starbucks: three ways in, three sizes of bet
For an owner weighing a local investment abroad. Three firms put in their own capital but bet very differently: a USD 7bn plant, data centres built one at a time, and 87 shops of which 61 were closed.
- Strategy & leadership10 min read
Tesco leaves the US: what two strategy frameworks leave open
For managers who want to use a framework to read a failed move abroad. The BBC report on Tesco's US exit is clear about money and decisions but silent on how Tesco entered and how far it adapted; this post tabulates which questions the frameworks can put and which the report answers.
- Strategy & leadership10 min read
Dunning's OLI: invest abroad or export?
For a CEO or board weighing a plant abroad against exporting. The short answer: direct investment needs all three of Dunning's advantages, not "one or more", while withdrawing needs only one of them to be missing.
- Strategy & leadership10 min read
Walmart in Germany: bought fast, gone after eight and a half years
For an owner weighing the purchase of an existing chain or sites abroad. Walmart entered Germany by acquisition in 1998 and left in 2006 with a write-off of about USD 1bn; this post sets the case against entry modes and the outsider's liabilities.
- Strategy & leadership10 min read
Export, license or invest: choosing a foreign market entry mode
For an SME owner or sales director who has just had a first enquiry from abroad. The short answer: test the three OLI advantages first, then pick the mode by how much control you need and how much capital you can afford to lose.