Case
Nike: labour-standards controversy and later reforms
A high-profile brand became the target of the anti-sweatshop movement and later announced supply-chain monitoring reforms. Vogel uses the case to show the narrow scope of the market for virtue.
- Industry
- Apparel and footwear

Frameworks applied
This case is read through the frameworks below.
- Exploitation and valid-consent testWhen a business owner reviews outsourced suppliers where workers "freely accept" poor conditions, is the firm exploiting them, and is that consent valid?
- Four guidelines where institutions are weakWhen a multinational's leadership starts operating in a country with weak institutions, what responsibilities should it take on beyond complying with local law?
Sources
References
Listed A–Z by author surname, Harvard style. A source with a DOI links to https://doi.org/…; one without links to its page or says plainly that it has no DOI.
- Vogel, D. (2005) The market for virtue: the potential and limits of corporate social responsibility. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.No DOIbrookings.eduSource page