Map
Framework

ADKAR model

The question it answers

A change lead whose staff are slow to adopt a new process needs to know where each person is stuck: awareness, desire, knowledge, ability or reinforcement.

Origin
Hiatt, 2006
Diagram type
Process by phase
Level of analysis
Individual
Topics
Change managementAI for leaders
Clay steps with a looping glass arrow, icon for change management

Diagram

ADKAR model

  1. Five elements, in order
  2. AwarenessUnderstand what the change is, why it is needed and the risk of not changing.
  3. DesireWilling to support and take part in the change; in the end a personal choice.
  4. KnowledgeKnow how to change: the behaviours, processes, tools and skills involved.
  5. AbilityTurn knowledge into action at the required level of performance.
  6. ReinforcementInternal and external factors that sustain the change: recognition, rewards, personal satisfaction.

Pitfalls

Pitfall

Training people before they understand why and want to change. Hiatt (2006) argues that knowledge is not the starting point: efforts to build it work only when learners want the change and are looking for how. Note also that Prosci built and published the model, and the supporting evidence in the book is mostly Prosci's own benchmarking data.

Sources

References

Listed A–Z by author surname, Harvard style. A source with a DOI links to https://doi.org/…; one without links to its page or says plainly that it has no DOI.

  1. Hiatt, J.M. (2006) ADKAR: A Model for Change in Business, Government and Our Community. Loveland, CO: Prosci Learning Center Publications.No DOICited in 1 article