
Frameworks in this topic
Each card shows where the framework comes from and the question it helps you ask. Open one to see every article that uses it.
Algorithmic fairness metrics
What does 'fair' mean in a machine-learning model, and why can't we have everything at once?Dwork et al., 2012; Kleinberg et al., 2017; Binns, 2018
Chain-of-thought prompting
How do you raise accuracy when asking AI to reason in several steps?Wei et al., 2022
Descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analytics
What can data answer: what happened, what will happen, what should we do?Lepenioti et al., 2020
Five LLM workflow patterns
Which patterns are LLM workflows typically built from?Anthropic, 2024
Five conditions for workplace analytics
When may a firm collect and analyse data about its employees?Palm, 2009; Fairfield and Engel, 2015; Nissenbaum, 2010; EU, 2016
Four layers of algorithmic bias
In what ways do hiring algorithms discriminate, and where can they be fixed?Binns, 2018; Zimmermann et al., 2020; Dattner et al., 2019
Four risk-shifting mechanisms in AI-driven management
Does AI destroy jobs or make workers carry more risk?Moradi and Levy, 2020
Institutionalist approach to AI governance
Should AI firms self-regulate or support public law?Ferretti, 2022; Ferretti, 2024
NIST AI risk management framework
Which functions does an organisation need to manage AI risk?NIST (Tabassi), 2023
Nine tips for briefing AI
Which nine things should you do when briefing an AI?Boonstra, n.d.
Personalisation versus customisation: two five-stage processes
When should a brand decide for the customer with data, and when hand over the controls?Arora et al., 2008; Ansari and Mela, 2003; Tam and Ho, 2006
Platform business model
How does a platform create value and why is launching one hard?Göcke and Meier, 2021
Showing 12 of 25 frameworks. The rest are in the library.
References
Listed A–Z by author surname, Harvard style. A source with a DOI links to https://doi.org/…; one without links to its page or says plainly that it has no DOI.
- Ansari, A. and Mela, C.F. (2003) ‘E-customization’, Journal of Marketing Research, 40(2), pp. 131–145.doi:10.1509/jmkr.40.2.131.19224Source page
- Anthropic (2024) Building effective AI agents. Anthropic Research.No DOIanthropic.comSource page
- Anthropic (2025) Effective context engineering for AI agents. Anthropic Research.No DOIanthropic.comSource page
- Arora, N. et al. (2008) ‘Putting one-to-one marketing to work: personalization, customization, and choice’, Marketing Letters, 19(3-4), pp. 305–321.doi:10.1007/s11002-008-9056-zSource page
- Binns, R. (2018) ‘Fairness in machine learning: lessons from political philosophy’, in Proceedings of Machine Learning Research. pp. 149–159.No DOIproceedings.mlr.pressSource page
- Boonstra, L. (n.d.) Prompt engineering [whitepaper].No DOIkaggle.comSource page
- Brown, T.B., Mann, B. and Ryder, N. (2020) Language models are few-shot learners. (arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.14165).doi:10.48550/arXiv.2005.14165Source page
- Cress, L. (2025) 'Vibe coding' named word of the year by Collins Dictionary. BBC News.No DOIbbc.comSource page
- Dattner, B. et al. (2019) The legal and ethical implications of using AI in hiring. Harvard Business Review.No DOIhbr.orgSource page
- Dwork, C. et al. (2012) ‘Fairness through awareness’, in Proceedings of the 3rd Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference. New York: ACM, pp. 214–226.doi:10.1145/2090236.2090255Source page
- European Parliament and Council (2016) Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation). Official Journal of the European Union.No DOIeur-lex.europa.euSource page
- Fairfield, J.A.T. and Engel, C. (2015) ‘Privacy as a public good’, Duke Law Journal, 65(3), pp. 385–457.No DOIscholarship.law.duke.eduSource page
- Ferretti, T. (2022) ‘An institutionalist approach to AI ethics: justifying the priority of government regulation over self-regulation’, Moral Philosophy and Politics, 9(2), pp. 239–265.doi:10.1515/mopp-2020-0056Source page
- Ferretti, T. (2024) ‘Value alignment without institutional change cannot prevent the societal risks of artificial intelligence’, LSE Public Policy Review, 3(3), article 2.doi:10.31389/lseppr.113Source page
- Gabriel, I. (2020) ‘Artificial intelligence, values, and alignment’, Minds and Machines, 30(3), pp. 411–437.doi:10.1007/s11023-020-09539-2Source page
- Göcke, L. and Meier, P. (2021) ‘Development and validation of platform businesses in digital entrepreneurship’, in Digital entrepreneurship: impact on business and society. Cham: Springer, pp. 87–102.doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53914-6_5Source page
- Hiatt, J.M. (2006) ADKAR: A Model for Change in Business, Government and Our Community. Loveland, CO: Prosci Learning Center Publications.No DOISource page
- Kleinberg, J., Mullainathan, S. and Raghavan, M. (2017) ‘Inherent trade-offs in the fair determination of risk scores’, in 8th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2017), LIPIcs 67. pp. 43:1–43:23.doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.43Source page
- Kotter, J.P. (1995) Leading change: why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review.No DOIhbr.orgSource page
- Lepenioti, K. et al. (2020) ‘Prescriptive analytics: literature review and research challenges’, International Journal of Information Management, 50, pp. 57–70.doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.04.003Source page
- Lewis, P., Perez, E. and Piktus, A. (2020) Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks. (arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.11401).doi:10.48550/arXiv.2005.11401Source page
- Lopopolo, R. (2026) Harness engineering: leveraging Codex in an agent-first world. OpenAI.No DOIopenai.comSource page
- Moradi, P. and Levy, K. (2020) ‘The future of work in the age of AI: displacement or risk-shifting?’, in The Oxford handbook of ethics of AI. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 270–288.doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190067397.013.17Source page
- Nissenbaum, H. (2010) Privacy in context: technology, policy, and the integrity of social life. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.doi:10.1515/9780804772891Source page
- Odeh, G. (2021) ‘Implementing McKinsey 7S model of organizational diagnosis and planned change, Best Western Italy case analysis’, Journal of International Business and Management, 11(4), pp. 1–8.doi:10.37227/JIBM-2021-09-1438Source page
- OpenAI (2025) Identifying and scaling AI use cases: how early adopters focus their AI efforts [guide].No DOIcdn.openai.comSource page
- Ostrom, E. (1990) Governing the commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.doi:10.1017/cbo9780511807763Source page
- Palm, E. (2009) ‘Securing privacy at work: the importance of contextualized consent’, Ethics and Information Technology, 11(4), pp. 233–241.doi:10.1007/s10676-009-9208-8Source page
- Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T.B. and Wickens, C.D. (2000) ‘A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation’, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans, 30(3), pp. 286–297.doi:10.1109/3468.844354Source page
- Philippon, T. (2016) The FinTech opportunity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER Working Paper No. 22476).doi:10.3386/w22476Source page
- Soltanifar, M., Hughes, M. and Göcke, L. (2021) Digital entrepreneurship: impact on business and society. Cham: Springer.doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53914-6Source page
- Tabassi, E. (2023) Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST AI 100-1).doi:10.6028/NIST.AI.100-1Source page
- Tam, K.Y. and Ho, S.Y. (2006) ‘Understanding the impact of web personalization on user information processing and decision outcomes’, MIS Quarterly, 30(4), pp. 865–890.doi:10.2307/25148757Source page
- Waterman, R.H., Peters, T.J. and Phillips, J.R. (1980) ‘Structure is not organization’, Business Horizons, 23(3), pp. 14–26.doi:10.1016/0007-6813(80)90027-0Source page
- Wedel, M. and Kannan, P.K. (2016) ‘Marketing analytics for data-rich environments’, Journal of Marketing, 80(6), pp. 97–121.doi:10.1509/jm.15.0413Source page
- Wei, J. et al. (2022) Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models. (arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.11903).doi:10.48550/arXiv.2201.11903Source page
- Yao, S. et al. (2023) ReAct: synergizing reasoning and acting in language models. (ICLR 2023 (camera-ready version); arXiv:2210.03629).doi:10.48550/arXiv.2210.03629Source page
- Zimmermann, A., Di Rosa, E. and Kim, H. (2020) Technology can't fix algorithmic injustice. Boston Review.No DOIbostonreview.netSource page
All articles

The first articles on this topic are coming
There are no English articles in this topic yet. The introduction and frameworks are ready; articles will appear here as soon as they are published.