
Frameworks in this topic
Each card shows where the framework comes from and the question it helps you ask. Open one to see every article that uses it.
Ansoff matrix
Should growth come from existing or new products in existing or new markets, and how does risk rise?Ansoff, 1957; Ansoff, 1965
Business Model Canvas
How does the organisation create, deliver and capture value, and which block is blocking recurring revenue?Osterwalder and Pigneur, 2010
Discovery and creation of opportunities
Do opportunities exist waiting to be spotted, or only appear through the entrepreneur's actions?Alvarez and Barney, 2007; Zucchella, Hagen and Serapio, 2018
Dunning's eclectic (OLI) paradigm
When does a firm produce abroad through its own investment rather than export or license?Dunning, 1980; 1988
Dynamic capabilities
How does a firm keep sensing, seizing and reconfiguring around opportunities?Teece, 2007
Entrepreneurial vs traditional marketing
How should a small, cash-poor firm market differently from a large one?Stokes, 2000
Foreign market entry modes
How should a firm enter a foreign market to balance control, commitment and risk?Dess et al., 2016; Johnson et al., 2008
Four elements of an international new venture
What makes a firm that goes international from inception sustainable?Oviatt and McDougall, 1994
Four types of crowdfunding
What does the backer get: equity, a reward, nothing, or interest?UK Crowdfunding Association, n.d.; Zucchella, Hagen and Serapio, 2018
Map of six intellectual property rights
Which right protects our intangible asset, automatically or by registration?UK statutes: Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; Trade Marks Act 1994; Patents Act 1977
Mapping your personal network
Where are the gaps in my network and who are the connectors?Uzzi and Dunlap, 2005
Mitigating vs organisational strategies for platforms
Should platforms be regulated (keeping ownership as is) or should ownership and governance themselves change?Ferretti, 2020; Coyle, 2017; Schor, 2014
Showing 12 of 31 frameworks. The rest are in the library.
References
Listed A–Z by author surname, Harvard style. A source with a DOI links to https://doi.org/…; one without links to its page or says plainly that it has no DOI.
- Alvarez, S.A. and Barney, J.B. (2007) ‘Discovery and creation: alternative theories of entrepreneurial action’, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1–2), pp. 11–26.doi:10.1002/sej.4Source page
- Ansoff, H.I. (1957) ‘Strategies for diversification’, Harvard Business Review, 35(5), pp. 113–124.No DOISource page
- Ansoff, H.I. (1965) Corporate strategy: an analytic approach to business policy for growth and expansion. New York: McGraw-Hill.No DOISource page
- Chesbrough, H.W. (2003) ‘The era of open innovation’, MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(3), pp. 35–41.No DOIsloanreview.mit.eduSource page
- Chetty, S. and Agndal, H. (2007) ‘Social capital and its influence on changes in internationalization mode among small and medium-sized enterprises’, Journal of International Marketing, 15(1), pp. 1–29.doi:10.1509/jimk.15.1.001Source page
- Christensen, C.M. et al. (2018) ‘Disruptive innovation: an intellectual history and directions for future research’, Journal of Management Studies, 55(7), pp. 1043–1078.doi:10.1111/joms.12349Source page
- Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, c. 48 (1988).No DOIlegislation.gov.ukSource page
- Coyle, D. (2017) ‘Precarious and productive work in the digital economy’, National Institute Economic Review, 240(1), pp. R5–R14.doi:10.1177/002795011724000110Source page
- Cress, L. (2025) 'Vibe coding' named word of the year by Collins Dictionary. BBC News.No DOIbbc.comSource page
- Dess, G.G., McNamara, G. and Eisner, A.B. (2016) Strategic management: text and cases. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.No DOISource page
- Dunning, J.H. (1980) ‘Toward an eclectic theory of international production: some empirical tests’, Journal of International Business Studies, 11(1), pp. 9–31.doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490593Source page
- Dunning, J.H. (1988) ‘The eclectic paradigm of international production: a restatement and some possible extensions’, Journal of International Business Studies, 19(1), pp. 1–31.doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490372Source page
- Ferretti, T. (2020) ‘A liberal egalitarian perspective on the platform economy: mitigating its distributive effects or changing the organizations running it?’, Journal of Social Philosophy, 51(1), pp. 54–79.doi:10.1111/josp.12330Source page
- Göcke, L. and Meier, P. (2021) ‘Development and validation of platform businesses in digital entrepreneurship’, in Digital entrepreneurship: impact on business and society. Cham: Springer, pp. 87–102.doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53914-6_5Source page
- Granovetter, M.S. (1973) ‘The strength of weak ties’, American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), pp. 1360–1380.doi:10.1086/225469Source page
- Jacobides, M.G., Knudsen, T. and Augier, M. (2006) ‘Benefiting from innovation: value creation, value appropriation and the role of industry architectures’, Research Policy, 35(8), pp. 1200–1221.doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.005Source page
- Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J.-E. (1977) ‘The internationalization process of the firm: a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments’, Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), pp. 23–32.doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490676Source page
- Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2008) Exploring corporate strategy: text and cases. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall.No DOISource page
- Kafouros, M.I. (2008) Industrial innovation and firm performance: the impact of scientific knowledge on multinational corporations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.doi:10.4337/9781781956380Source page
- Martin, R.L. and Osberg, S. (2007) ‘Social entrepreneurship: the case for definition’, Stanford Social Innovation Review, 5(2), pp. 28–39.No DOIssir.orgSource page
- McCarthy, D.M., Fader, P.S. and Hardie, B.G.S. (2017) ‘Valuing subscription-based businesses using publicly disclosed customer data’, Journal of Marketing, 81(1), pp. 17–35.doi:10.1509/jm.15.0519Source page
- McDougall, P.P., Shane, S. and Oviatt, B.M. (1994) ‘Explaining the formation of international new ventures: the limits of theories from international business research’, Journal of Business Venturing, 9(6), pp. 469–487.doi:10.1016/0883-9026(94)90017-5Source page
- Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S. (1998) ‘Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage’, Academy of Management Review, 23(2), pp. 242–266.doi:10.2307/259373Source page
- Nazir, M.A., Roomi, M.A. and Khan, M.R. (2025) ‘Entrepreneurial firms in the crypto era: adoption trajectories and innovation dynamics’, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 32(8), pp. 18–53.doi:10.1108/JSBED-11-2024-0580Source page
- Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y. and Tucci, C.L. (2005) ‘Clarifying business models: origins, present, and future of the concept’, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 16, pp. 1–25.doi:10.17705/1CAIS.01601Source page
- Osterwalder, A. and Pigneur, Y. (2010) Business model generation. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.No DOISource page
- Oviatt, B.M. and McDougall, P.P. (1994) ‘Toward a theory of international new ventures’, Journal of International Business Studies, 25(1), pp. 45–64.doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490193Source page
- Patents Act 1977, c. 37 (1977).No DOIlegislation.gov.ukSource page
- Philippon, T. (2016) The FinTech opportunity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER Working Paper No. 22476).doi:10.3386/w22476Source page
- Schor, J. (2014) Debating the sharing economy. Great Transition Initiative.No DOIgreattransition.orgSource page
- Schumpeter, J.A. (1947) ‘The creative response in economic history’, The Journal of Economic History, 7(2), pp. 149–159.doi:10.1017/S0022050700054279Source page
- Simon, H.A. (2000) ‘Public administration in today's world of organizations and markets’, PS: Political Science & Politics, 33(4), pp. 749–756.doi:10.2307/420911Source page
- Soltanifar, M., Hughes, M. and Göcke, L. (2021) Digital entrepreneurship: impact on business and society. Cham: Springer.doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53914-6Source page
- Stokes, D. (2000) ‘Putting entrepreneurship into marketing: the processes of entrepreneurial marketing’, Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), pp. 1–16.doi:10.1108/14715200080001536Source page
- Teece, D.J. (1986) ‘Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy’, Research Policy, 15(6), pp. 285–305.doi:10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2Source page
- Teece, D.J. (2007) ‘Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance’, Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), pp. 1319–1350.doi:10.1002/smj.640Source page
- Trade Marks Act 1994, c. 26 (1994).No DOIlegislation.gov.ukSource page
- UK Crowdfunding Association (n.d.) What is crowdfunding?No DOIukcfa.org.ukSource page
- Uzzi, B. (1997) ‘Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: the paradox of embeddedness’, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), pp. 35–67.doi:10.2307/2393808Source page
- Uzzi, B. and Dunlap, S. (2005) ‘How to build your network’, Harvard Business Review.No DOIhbr.orgSource page
- Vahlne, J.-E. and Johanson, J. (2017) ‘From internationalization to evolution: the Uppsala model at 40 years’, Journal of International Business Studies, 48(9), pp. 1087–1102.doi:10.1057/s41267-017-0107-7Source page
- Weihrich, H. (1982) ‘The TOWS matrix: a tool for situational analysis’, Long Range Planning, 15(2), pp. 54–66.doi:10.1016/0024-6301(82)90120-0Source page
- Williamson, O.E. (1981) ‘The economics of organization: the transaction cost approach’, American Journal of Sociology, 87(3), pp. 548–577.doi:10.1086/227496Source page
- Yoder, S., Visich, J.K. and Rustambekov, E. (2016) ‘Lessons learned from international expansion failures and successes’, Business Horizons, 59, pp. 233–243.doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2015.11.008Source page
- Zucchella, A., Hagen, B. and Serapio, M.G. (2018) International entrepreneurship. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.No DOIe-elgar.comSource page
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